Py006-02-03forms表单验证

forms组件

校验字段

针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。

  • 前置准备

创建项目，创建一个orm表，一个注册页面

模型：models.py

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class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    tel=models.CharField(max_length=32)

'''
# 别忘了settings.py里 注册 应用如 app01
# 数据库迁徙
python3 manage.py  makemigrations
python3 manage.py  migrate
'''

注册路由配置

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from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('reg/',views.reg) # 注册页
]

reg.html

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<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="user">用户名</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="pwd">密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
    </div>
     <div>
        <label for="email">邮箱</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="tel">手机号</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="tel" id="tel"></p>
    </div>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

views.py

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def reg(request):
    if request.method=='POST':

        print(request.POST)
        return HttpResponse('ok')

    return render(request,'reg.html')
  • 至此，准备工作完毕，
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# 依次填写表单1，2，3，4,5。
# 打印如下信息
<QueryDict: {'csrfmiddlewaretoken': ['dTj3JNHHoZKrLZEXAJsoty9UxZ8vCJ3zqZH3gvIor4Lp1bKp8GFfmYS1Q4A58fji'], 'name': ['1'], 'pwd': ['2'], 'r_pwd': ['3'], 'email': ['4'],'tel':['5']}>

forms简单使用

  • 引入forms
  • 定义一个校验类如UserForm继承forms.Form
  • 自定义校验规则name = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
  • 根据校验字段生成UserForm初始化对象
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# 引入forms
from django import forms

# 自定义表单校验
class UserForm(forms.Form):
    # 定义校验字段的规则
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4) # 最少四个字符
    email = forms.EmailField() # 邮箱校验


def reg(request):
    if request.method=='POST':
        
        form = UserForm({"name":'abcd','email':'123'})
        # 所有值校验字段通过返回 true 10个字段其中一个失败返回false
        print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值 返回False email没有通过校验

        return HttpResponse('ok')

    return render(request,'reg.html')

'''
form = UserForm({"name":'abcd','email':'123@qq.com'})
form.is_valid() # True
'''

错写校验字段会如何？

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form = UserForm({"names":'abcd','email':'123@qq.com'})
# 定义的UserForm里 为name 你传递names 显然不匹配
form.is_valid() # False

# 校验字段必须和定义里的字段相同

多出校验字段会咋样？

多了无所谓，只要定义的字段全匹配就ok

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form = UserForm({"name":'abcd','email':'123@qq.com','age':22})
# 定义的UserForm里 为name,email 你多传递的key会被忽略
form.is_valid() # True

form.cleaned_data

这里是校验合法字段的字典

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# 部分校验通过
form = UserForm({"names":'abcd','email':'123@qq.com','age':111})
print(form.cleaned_data)
# {'email': '123@qq.com'}


# -------------------
# 全部校验通过
form = UserForm({"name":'abcd','email':'123@qq.com','age':111})
print(form.cleaned_data)
# {'name': 'abcd', 'email': '123@qq.com'}

form.errors

校验失败字段对应的错误信息 

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form = UserForm({"name":'abc','email':'123@qq.com','age':111})
print(form.errors)
# <ul class="errorlist"><li>name<ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 3).</li></ul></li></ul>

别看返回的是个ul实际是个字典类型

重写我们的UserForm对应实际的表单

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class UserForm(forms.Form):
    # 定义校验字段的规则
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4) # 最少四个字符
    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)  # 最少四个字符
    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)  # 最少四个字符
    email = forms.EmailField() # 邮箱校验
    tel = forms.CharField()

重写views.py

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def reg(request):
    if request.method=='POST':
        # 表单会携带csrf_token字段 但是未在UserForm里定义所以会忽略
        form = UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)
            print(form.errors) # ErrorDict 字典
            print(form.errors.get('name')) # ErrorList 列表
            print(form.errors.get('name')[0]) # 具体的错误信息 
        return HttpResponse('ok')

    return render(request,'reg.html')

# reg页面表单什么都不填写直接提交
'''
{}
<ul class="errorlist"><li>name<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul></li><li>pwd<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul></li><li>r_pwd<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul></li><li>email<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul></li><li>tel<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul></li></ul>
<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>
This field is required.
'''

forms渲染标签方式一

修改views.py

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from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from django import forms

# 自定义表单校验
class UserForm(forms.Form):
    # 定义校验字段的规则
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4) # 最少四个字符
    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)  # 最少四个字符
    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)  # 最少四个字符
    email = forms.EmailField() # 邮箱校验
    tel = forms.CharField()

def reg(request):
    if request.method=='POST':

        form = UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)
            print(form.errors) # ErrorDict
            print(form.errors.get('name')) # ErrorList
            print(form.errors.get('name')[0]) # 具体的错误信息
        return HttpResponse('ok')

    # get请求的时候
    form = UserForm() 
    
    return render(request,'reg.html',locals())

不传递参数初始化表单校验对象form = UserForm() 传递到模版里就以定义的字段可以生成表单标签

reg.html

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<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="">用户名</label>
        {{ form.name }}
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="">密码</label>
        {{ form.pwd }}
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="">确认密码</label>
        {{ form.r_pwd }}
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for=""> 邮箱</label>
        {{ form.email }}
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for=""> 手机</label>
        {{ form.tel }}
    </div>

    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>

forms渲染方式二

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<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}

    {% for field in form %}
        <div>
            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit">
</form>

# 这样渲染的label名是首字母大写的字段

我就要显示中文

设置label值

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class UserForm(forms.Form):
    # 定义校验字段的规则
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='用户名') # 最少四个字符
    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='密码')  # 最少四个字符
    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='密码')  # 最少四个字符
    email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱') # 邮箱校验
    tel = forms.CharField(label='电话')

forms渲染方式三

不建议使用,因为dom结构是定义死的。不够灵活

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<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ form.as_p }}
    <input type="submit">
</form>

forms渲染错误信息

在校验失败的地方 返回 HttpResponse(request,’reg.html’,locals())

为啥？

  • 你已经填写了表单，不管校验成功还是失败
  • 此时已经提交，页面会重刷，但是UserForm对象里有你传递的值，所以通过UserForm对象渲染标签的时候同时会把传递的值渲染到里面
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def reg(request):
    
    if request.method=='POST':
        form = UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)
            print(form.errors) # ErrorDict
            print(form.errors.get('name')) # ErrorList
            print(form.errors.get('name')[0]) # 具体的错误信息
            
        return render(request,'reg.html',locals())

    form = UserForm()

    return render(request,'reg.html',locals())

错误信息form.字段.errors.0

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<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="">用户名</label>
        {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="">密码</label>
        {{ form.pwd }} <span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="">确认密码</label>
        {{ form.r_pwd }} <span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for=""> 邮箱</label>
        {{ form.email }} <span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
     <div>
        <label for=""> 手机</label>
        {{ form.tel }} <span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
    <input type="submit" class="btn">
</form>

或者

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<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}

    {% for field in form %}
        <div>
            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
</form>

forms参数配置

  • 错误信息定义为自己想要的
  • 渲染不同类型的表单select/password

渲染其他类型标签要引入widgets

定义错误信息要设置error_messages={“选项”:”错误信息”} required代表必填

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class UserForm(forms.Form):
    # 定义校验字段的规则
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='用户名',error_messages={"required":'该字段不能为空'},
                        widgets = widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":'form-control'}))
    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='密码',
                          widgets=widgets.PasswordInput())
    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label='密码')  # 最少四个字符
    email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',error_messages={"required":'该字段不能为空',"invalid":"格式错误"}) # 邮箱校验
    tel = forms.CharField(label='电话')

'''
widgets = widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":'form-control'}))
给标签设置属性
'''